子公司和母公司的区别是指子公司是独立法人，有独立的名称、章程和组织机构；而分公司则不具备独立法人资格，没有自己独立的名称、章程和组织机构。
英文翻译：The difference between a subsidiary and a parent company is that the subsidiary is an independent legal entity with its own name, articles of association, and organizational structure; whereas the branch does not have independent legal personality, nor does it have its own name, articles of association, and organizational structure.
